Landscape

*휴스턴의 새로운 랜드마크: 그린 오버 그레이, 랜드 브릿지와 프레리 [ Nelson Byrd Woltz-Green over Gray ] The Land Bridge and Prairie in Memorial Park

5osA 2024. 8. 5. 13:00

"자연과의 조화는 모든 건축의 기본입니다." – 프랭크 로이드 라이트(Frank Lloyd Wright)

Nelson Byrd Woltz-Green over Gray – The Land Bridge and Prairie in Memorial Park

서론
이 블로그 글은 '그린 오버 그레이: 랜드 브릿지와 프레리' 프로젝트에 대해 다룹니다. 이 프로젝트는 1955년에 지어진 6차선의 메모리얼 드라이브(Memorial Drive)가 공원을 양분하면서 발생한 문제를 해결하고자 시작되었습니다. 이 공원은 휴스턴에서 가장 큰 도심 속 야생 공간으로서, 생태계 회복력을 감소시키고 여러 종의 서식지와 이동 경로를 방해해 왔습니다. 설계자인 넬슨 버드 월츠(Nelson Byrd Woltz)는 이러한 문제를 해결하고 공원의 생태적, 사회적 가치를 회복하기 위해 이 프로젝트를 설계했습니다. 랜드 브릿지와 프레리는 공원을 재연결하며 자연과 인간의 조화를 이룬 설계로 주목받고 있습니다.

a. 프로젝트 개요
프로젝트 명: 그린 오버 그레이: 랜드 브릿지와 프레리
설계자: 넬슨 버드 월츠(Nelson Byrd Woltz)
위치: 휴스턴, 메모리얼 파크(Memorial Park)

b. 설계 컨셉
핵심 개념: 메모리얼 드라이브로 양분된 공원을 재연결하고, 자연 생태계를 복원하는 것.
영감: 2015년 메모리얼 파크 마스터 플랜(Memorial Park Master Plan)과 휴스턴 시민 3,000명 이상의 의견을 반영.
디자인 특징: 자연과의 조화, 생태계 회복, 다양한 레크리에이션 기회 제공.

c. 설계 컨셉의 구현
구현 방법: 메모리얼 드라이브 위에 두 개의 터널을 건설하고, 그 위에 자연 친화적인 랜드 브릿지와 프레리를 조성.
구체적 사례: 터널 위의 토양은 다른 공원 지역에서 가져와 사용했고, 재활용 자재를 활용해 쓰레기를 줄였습니다.

d. 주요 설계 요소
자연 통합: 랜드 브릿지 위에 45에이커의 토종 해안 프레리를 조성해 생태계를 복원.
환경 지속성: 200여 종의 토착 식물을 심어 대기 정화와 탄소 흡수 효과를 강화.
사회적 영향: 다양한 경로와 전망대를 통해 시민들이 자연을 체험할 수 있는 기회를 제공합니다.

e. 내부 및 외부 디자인
내부 공간: 다양한 높이와 경로를 통해 레크리에이션 기회를 제공하며, 모든 연령대와 능력의 시민들이 이용할 수 있게 설계되었습니다.
외부 공간: 공원의 외부에는 전망대와 산책로가 있으며, 다양한 레크리에이션 활동을 지원합니다.

f. 글로벌 건축 트렌드와 비교 분석
글로벌 트렌드: 도심 속 생태계 복원 및 자연 통합 설계는 세계적인 추세입니다.
특징 비교: 다른 도시의 공원 복원 프로젝트와 비교했을 때, 휴스턴의 랜드 브릿지는 더 큰 규모와 다양한 기능을 갖춘 것이 특징입니다.
환경 지속성 트렌드: 전 세계적으로 지속 가능한 설계 요소가 강조되며, 이 프로젝트 역시 이를 반영합니다.

g. 인사이트
전문가 의견: 랜드 브릿지와 프레리 프로젝트는 도시 계획과 환경 복원의 훌륭한 사례로 평가받고 있습니다. 이 프로젝트는 단순히 공원을 재연결하는 것을 넘어서, 지역 주민들에게 다양한 여가활동의 기회를 제공하고, 도시의 생태적 회복력도 높였습니다.
미래 전망: 이와 같은 대규모 도시 생태계 복원 프로젝트는 다른 도시에도 좋은 모델이 될 것입니다. 특히 지속 가능한 설계와 생태계 복원의 중요성이 증가하는 현시점에서 이 프로젝트는 큰 시사점을 줍니다.
비판적 시각: 그러나 초기 비용이 높고, 유지 관리가 중요한 과제로 남아 있습니다. 장기적인 관점에서 지속적인 관리와 유지보수가 필요합니다.

h. 사용자 경험
거주자 의견: 시민들은 자연과 더 가까워진 공원의 변화를 긍정적으로 평가하고 있습니다. "이 공원은 휴스턴의 소중한 자산입니다. 자연과 함께하는 시간이 더 많아졌어요."라고 한 주민이 말했습니다.
사용 편의성: 다양한 경로와 활동 공간을 통해 모두가 쉽게 접근하고 이용할 수 있습니다. "산책로와 자전거 도로가 잘 정비되어 있어 정말 편리합니다."라는 사용자의 피드백도 있습니다.

자연과 인간이 공존하는 메모리얼 파크의 혁신적인 설계
'그린 오버 그레이: 랜드 브릿지와 프레리' 프로젝트는 메모리얼 파크를 재연결하고 자연 생태계를 복원한 성공적인 사례입니다. 이 프로젝트는 도시 속에서도 자연과 인간이 조화를 이루며 살아갈 수 있음을 보여주며, 미래 건축 디자인에 중요한 교훈을 남깁니다. 단순한 공원 복원을 넘어, 도시의 생태계를 복원하고 주민들에게 새로운 생활 방식을 제시하는 중요한 의미를 지닙니다. 지속 가능한 도시 설계의 모델로서 전 세계적으로 주목받을 것이 기대됩니다.

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Nelson Byrd Woltz-Green over Gray – The Land Bridge and Prairie in Memorial Park

Memorial Park is a 1,464 acre park — one of the largest in the United States and the largest urban wilderness area in Houston. In 1955, the six-lane Memorial Drive was built, dissecting the park into two and making it difficult, if not impossible, for pedestrians to traverse the park, decreasing ecological resiliency, and disrupting habitats and migration for dozens of species. Now, 67 years later, the Land Bridge & Prairie reconnects the long-divided park.

The design embodies the guiding values set forth by the 2015 Memorial Park Master Plan, created by the Landscape Architect and informed by more than 3,000 Houstonians. As a key project within the Ten Year Plan, the Land Bridge & Prairie accelerates the development of significant projects within the Master Plan and opened to the public in January of 2023.

The Land Bridge & Prairie and Memorial Park itself are at the center of the most ethnically diverse metropolitan area in the U.S., with a robust healthcare and research economy and a regional hotspot for ecological biodiversity. Situated in the heart of a Memorial Park, the project creates a new public use space within the rich cultural and ecological Gulf Coast context and offers varied and enjoyable experiences that enhance the urban wilderness character of Memorial Park while providing opportunities for active and passive recreation for all Houstonians. Families, students, tourists, and nature enthusiasts can learn more about the native ecologies in immersive experiences of native plants and wildlife through artfully designed bird blinds, overlooks, and trail systems. Carefully planned trails accommodate multiple levels of recreational pursuit for all abilities, from winding, accessible paths for leisurely strolls along the Prairie to hills and scrambles for rigorous interval work by runners and cyclists. New vantage points of downtown and uptown Houston skylines on top of the Land Bridge provide an iconic gathering place for sunrise meditation, evening stargazing, and special events.

The Coastal Prairie is one of the most endangered ecosystems in North America, with less than 1% of its historic range remaining today. The Land Bridge & Prairie creates over 45 acres of native Coastal Prairie in the center of Memorial Park, helping to strengthen the surrounding ecologies and bring Houstonians an immersive opportunity to experience and appreciate this critical ecology. As the Prairie continues to establish, it will become home to numerous significant and endangered species of flora and fauna and provide essential food and shelter for migratory birds and insects. It will provide cumulative benefits for generations. The landscape is designed to withstand storms and process stormwater while providing a healthy environment for people and animals. Soils and over 200 native species of trees, shrubs, and deep-rooted Coastal Prairie plants have been selected for resiliency and their ability to slow and store stormwater in carefully calibrated channels and wetlands. This soil deep rehabilitated ecology sequesters atmospheric carbon, provides cleaner air, and improves animal and insect habitat.

The Land Bridge itself creates two expansive and dynamic connections over Memorial Drive that reunite the north and south sides of Memorial Park while growing the existing network of trail systems and providing increased connectivity throughout. Two massive tunnels have been built side by side over the Memorial Drive roadway. In early 2022, Memorial Drive shifted into a new alignment, and traffic now flows through the tunnels. Portions of the re routed Memorial Drive roadway were preserved and utilized to construct a scramble that ascends the north side of the east mound — a design choice that diverts additional waste from local landfills and repurposes material to create an innovative recreational feature. Over half a million cubic yards of soil were harvested and reserved from other park sites and within the project boundary and were used to cover the tunnels and create the mounds of the Land Bridge. This new parkland symbolizes the triumph of “green” over “gray,” healing the divide created by the construction of Memorial Drive.

The engineering and construction required an extensive coordination effort across disciplines: landscape architects, civil engineers, structural engineers, scientists, fluvial geomorphologists, prairie experts, and biologists. It is the largest land bridge in Texas and, unlike others of its kind in the U.S., the project includes an important hydrological component. A constructed stream bed integrates stormwater management and water quality treatment, as well as functioning as a “habitat” bridge, connecting both flora and fauna over and under the six lanes of Memorial Drive. The project is not just a physical link like most other land bridges; it is a community nexus where complex and multifaceted systems — both 

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