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*열대 우림 속 열린 건축 오페라: Sinfonia Verde에서 자연과 한 무대에 서다! [ Studio Saxe ] Sinfonia Verde Home

5osA 2024. 10. 28. 13:00

"우리는 건축을 통해 자연과의 관계를 재정립한다." — 프랭크 로이드 라이트

열대 우림 속 열린 건축 오페라: Sinfonia Verde에서 자연과 한 무대에 서다!  Studio Saxe-Sinfonia Verde Home

자연과 하나되어 숨쉬는 주택이 코스타리카의 울창한 열대 우림 속에 위치한다. Studio Saxe가 설계한 Sinfonia Verde는 지속 가능한 주택으로, 거주자와 자연이 공존할 수 있도록 디자인되었다. 특히 중앙에 배치된 원형 오큘러스와 고가 구조, 하이퍼볼릭 지붕 등의 혁신적 설계 요소를 통해 자연의 소리와 빛을 실시간으로 경험할 수 있도록 한다. 열대 우림을 방해하지 않으면서도 그 안에서 살아가는 독창적인 주택은 친환경 건축의 미래를 보여준다. 지속 가능한 자원 사용과 에너지 효율의 극대화는 지역 생태계와 조화를 이루며, 인간과 자연이 공존하는 공간의 새로운 기준을 제시한다.

Sinfonia Verde는 자연과의 조화를 우선으로 설계된 주택이다. 이 건축물의 중심에 위치한 중앙 오큘러스는 자연광을 내부로 끌어들이며, 열대 우림의 소리와 빛을 실시간으로 체험할 수 있게 한다. 고가 구조는 한쪽은 지면과 연결되고, 다른 쪽은 공중에 떠 있어 다양한 높이에서 열대 우림의 생태를 경험할 수 있는 독창적인 주거 환경을 제공한다. 이러한 구조적 설계는 거주자들에게 숲 속에서 보는 새로운 시각적 경험을 선사한다.

지속 가능한 설계 요소 중 하나인 하이퍼볼릭 지붕은 빗물을 건물의 양 옆으로 흘려보내 자연스럽게 하천으로 유도한다. 이는 지역의 물순환을 돕고, 패시브 냉각 효과를 통해 실내 온도를 쾌적하게 유지하는 기능을 한다. 현지에서 조달한 티크와 코르크를 사용한 재료는 주변 자연과의 조화를 이루며, 건물 전체에 부드러운 질감을 더한다. 특히 내구성이 높은 티크는 열대 지역의 습도와 기후 변화에도 강해, 실용적이면서도 아름다운 건축 자재로 돋보인다.

내부 공간은 거주와 연구가 동시에 가능하도록 구성되어 있다. 두 개의 독립적인 침실, 거실과 주방, 도서관 겸 실험실이 자리 잡고 있으며, 테라스는 야외 활동과 자연 관찰을 위해 마련되었다. 이러한 설계는 거주자들이 열대 우림의 생태를 가까이서 체험하며 하루의 변화를 따라 자연의 리듬을 경험할 수 있도록 한다.

Sinfonia Verde는 자연과 인간이 공존할 수 있는 주거 환경의 미래를 보여주는 중요한 사례이다. 열대 우림 속에서 환경을 해치지 않으면서도 자연과 공존하는 새로운 방식을 제시한다. 중앙 오큘러스와 고가 구조, 하이퍼볼릭 지붕은 거주 공간의 역할을 넘어 자연과 연결된 삶을 실현한다. 지속 가능한 자원을 통해 에너지 효율을 극대화하고, 생태계를 존중하는 이 설계는 앞으로의 친환경 건축에 중요한 교훈을 제공한다.

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In the depths of the Osa Peninsula, a giant tree fell to the ground. For the first time, sunlight penetrated the dense canopy, revealing a rare glimpse of the blue sky above. The natural clearing it created offered a place for two researchers to build their off-grid home, surrounded in every direction by the vibrations of the wild.

Concept 

The rainforest is a complex multi-layered environment, where the density and darkness can be disorienting. An opening in the foliage provides a moment of clarity, revealing the towering heights of trees. This panoramic experience inspired the design of the home, which takes the shape of a disk with an oculus at its center. On its periphery, the house interfaces with the forest, while its core provides a sanctuary from the wilderness. From this elevated platform, residents are immersed in the sounds and rhythms of nature, transitioning throughout the day like a symphony.

Design 

Our design intention was to highlight different perspectives of the environment. While the home is on a single level, the terrain around it descends steeply. One side aligns with the forest floor, while the other is raised high above the ground.  The perimeter walkway takes visitors from moss-covered roots up to the treetops, where scarlet macaws forage among the branches. The home features two bedrooms, a combined living room and kitchen, and a laboratory library, interspersed with shaded outdoor terraces from which to observe wildlife. With the likes of jaguars and howler monkeys in the vicinity, the central courtyard offers a calm space amid an untamed ecosystem. An expansive roof structure shelters the house from the region's intense rain and sun. The hyperbolic form directs rainwater towards the sides, where it cascades into natural streams. Slatted screens allow fresh air and forest sounds to permeate the home, while the wooden ceiling radiates from the center, extending outwards.

Sustainability

Building in proximity to Corcovado National Park, which hosts approximately 3% of the planet's biodiversity, demanded a sensitive and responsive approach. The house was scaled to a minimum footprint to avoid removing vegetation around the clearing. It was raised on stilts with narrow footings to prevent disruption to the groundwater and allow animals and root systems to cross below. In a region characterized by extreme heat and humidity, our goal was to create a comfortable living environment without mechanical cooling. This was achieved by raising the home off the ground and including louvered openings to encourage passive ventilation. The white insulated roof helps keep the house cooler by reflecting sunlight and reducing heat absorption. The home is entirely self-sufficient, generating power through a photovoltaic array and a hydro turbine in a nearby stream, which also supplies drinking water. Energy-efficient lighting and responsibly sourced materials, such as teak and cork, further reduce the environmental impact. The residents contribute to the preservation of the area by monitoring wildlife, propagating native plant species, and leading initiatives to restore nearby coral reefs.

Construction

Building in a remote and challenging location requires careful planning and adaptation. In an earthquake zone, with high precipitation, dramatic temperature differentials, salt in the air, and threatening wildlife, it was crucial to work with a local contractor who knew these realities and had the resourcefulness to overcome them. With no electricity or water connection on the property, and only a narrow footpath for access, all resources had to be transported over rivers and mountains by truck and then carried to the site.  Prefabricated steel components were prepared in advance, delivered during the dry season, and assembled by hand. The dynamic roof form was created with a woven grid of uniquely pitched beams and was then covered with fiber cement boards and a durable membrane to withstand the harsh environment. After construction, the site was replanted with native vegetation, which will eventually envelop the home, absorbing it into the natural surroundings.

from archdaily