*컨테이너, 폴리카보네이트 저렴한 주거를 완성하다 [ JYA-RCHITECTS ] Low Cost House

집속에 집을 만들다. 부족한 예산에서 가장 효율적인 공간을 형성하는 방법은 무엇이 있을까? 이번 프로젝트에 임하는 건축가는 자신들의 세계관을 뽐내기 위함이 아니라 노후하고 열악한 거주환경으로 부터 보다 나은 생활공간을 창출하기 위한 최소한의 건축행위를 목표로 설계한다.

이러한 출발선상에서 그들이 찾은 해결책은 저렴하면서도 효율적인 재료 -거주를 위한 단열을 만족시키는 재료- 의 사용과 최소한의 건축행위,  그리고 거주자가 필요로 하는 최소한의 공간의 크기를 찾아 접목하는 것으로 좁혀졌다. 그리하여 완성된 주거는 두개의 컨테이너 블록을 나란히 배치하며 프라빗한 두개의 실을 형성하고, 그 외부로 저렴하며 성능 좋은 폴리카보네이트로 디자인된 박공지붕 형태의 생활공간으로 완성된다.

특히 기성으로 제작된 완성품의 사용과 저렴하면서도 성능 좋은 재료의 만남은 기 거주자를 쥐로 부터 해방시키는 동시에 이전에 누리지 못하였던 최소한의 거주공간을 생성시켜주는 효과를 가져온다. 건축이 지향해야 점은 이와같이 값비싼 재료를 이용, 잉여 공간을 만드는 것이 아니라 필요에 의해 시작되는 최소한의 건축이 아닐까 싶다.

reviewed by SJ

This was the second “Low Cost House Series” project, sponsored by Korea Child Fund to improve a living environment for low-income families. The house was situated in a small rural village of Jangheung town in southeastern province of Korean peninsula and was a home for a family of parents and five children. It was a very old and shabby building tilted to a side and stood right next to an unused cow house filled with the remains of cow waste attracting all sorts of flies and bugs. The surroundings were filthy, and the smell was appalling. However, the worst part of the house was ‘rats’, which literally occupied the whole building. It was the family who had to avoid the rats and find their own spaces. The rats were unafraid of men, and their exact numbers were never to be known. As such, an open outside toilet without walls was the least problem to the family. To them, this horrible living situation was somewhat regarded as something they had to live by.

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Architects: JYA-RCHITECTS
Location: Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
Construction: Team of Ra Kwonsu
Area: 100.8 sqm
Year: 2013
Photographs: Hwang Hyochel

After examining the whole house, we decided to knock it down and rebuild it. It was clearly not in a condition to be renovated, and above all, it seemed like the only way to escape from the rats. However, the first problem we encountered was a tight budget. Compared to our first low-cost house project in Beolkyo, the number of family as well as the required space were larger this time. Although the budget for both projects was similar, this was a new construction work unlike the Beolkyo’s renovation one.

The huge budget issue naturally led us to find ideas to save the costs while creating a larger space. A room to cut costs was finally found in building materials. What we chose was ‘container houses’ which could minimize both field works and construction time. But their poor insulation and floor noise, vertically in particular, created other problems we had to tackle. As our building was to be built as a single floor, the only concerns remained were to improve insulation and create enough space for the family of seven even with three containers of merely 50.4 m2.

Our next solutions were first to separate two container houses to create a space in between as an open deck and secondly to surround the whole space with another ‘house’ to create a ‘house in the house’. As a result, three insulation layers were formed inside the building, and new ‘undefined’ spaces were created between the ‘inside’ house and the ‘outside’ house. These extra spaces were also connected to the nature through large sliding doors as outdoor space in summer when open and as indoor one in winter when closed. Moreover, they could also provide an open floor, an attic and a transparent roof open to the sky for the family’s five children to have dynamic and diverse ‘space’ experiences.

from  archdaily