상업지역내의 주차장은 디자인이나 도시적 문맥을 고려하지 않습니다.
다만 건축법의 테두리 안에서 최대한의 면적을 통한 개발과 투자만 있을 뿐입니다.
이러한 도시적 공극을 메우기 위해 주차빌딩은 다음과 같은 4가지 전제에서 시작합니다.
- 토지의 잠재적인 상업적 용도를 극대화 하기
- 건축법 상 안에서 최대한 볼륨 찾기와 전면 공개공지를 포함하는 퍼블릭 스페이스의 극대화 찾기
- 합리적인 주차시스템과 교통시스템의 제안하기
- 전면 스킨 디자인을 통한 건축적 값어치 높이기
여기에 도로에 접한 1층의 상업공간을 최대로 확보 하여 도시와 접점의 경계를 넓힙니다.
그리고 여기에 상업공간의 프로그램을 극대화하기 위한 새로운 건축적 디자인을 제시하여
도시적 문맥을 연장합니다. 이러한 순차적인 반응을 통하여 대지는 도시 속에 새로운 캐릭터를
정의하게 됩니다.
주차빌딩의 파사드는 야뉴스의 얼굴 같이 각기 다른 도시적 풍경을 반투명한 폴리카보네이트에
담습니다. 강을 투영하는 파사드는 총 80개로 구성된 삼각형태를 완만하게 정렬하여 빌딩에 투영된
공간적 흐름을 느린속도로 변화 시킵니다- 보다 많은 풍경을 담아 둡니다.-
이와는 반대로 도시와 거리로 면한 파사드는
플랫한 선형위과 하부로 부터 들려진 항공기와 같은 형태감으로 도시적풍경을
빠르게 반사시킵니다.
대지의 값어치를 판단하는 기준은 당장의 수익을 위한 분양면적 확보가 아니라
공간과 장소가 가지고 있는 문맥-주변과의 관계 맺기는 지엽적인 관계와
광역적인 관계, 두가지를 다 고려해야 합니다.-을 읽어 건축적 값어치를
투영시키는 일이 아닐까요? 도시공간은 돈으로 만들어 지는 것이 아닙니다.
reviewed by SJ
General Korean Parking lot types filled Jukjeon Commercial Area
Parking lot either frankly reveals itself to be a parking lot without
any consideration for design or surroundings, or disguises like a
commercial facility. However, both cases are not welcomed in a city and
ruin the city landscape.
Development districts of New Downtown in Korea that are fully filled with gigantic real estate goods only emphasize the legal maximum floor area ratio. The city identity is represented by the wall-covering signs not the presence of space nor void. The massive box lumps clutter the city with the logic of capitalism that is composed of investment, lease and presale, rather than the respective regional characteristics. This project intended to change the urban landscape through a proposition of a certain symbolically designed icon on a dry city.
Parking lot construction in Korea
In Korea for the development of a new town, developers parcel out the
land in lots according to the usage such as a business area and a
residence area, based on the Building codes. Parking lot zone also gets
placed in major site following the business and residence area zoning
program. A plot for a parking lot can be planned with cheaper land price
and eased regulations than a business area.
However, it has a restriction that the commercial facility-to-parking
facility ratio has to be 2 to 8. After all, deriving the land cost and
construction cost with very 20% commercial area is the poor reality of
Parking lot construction in Korea. This substandard business value
causes the parking buildings to be built without any design concerns for
lower construction price.
Location: 1190, Bo jeong-dong, Kiheung-gu, Yong In, Gyonggi-Do, Korea
Completion: May, 2010
Photographs: Sun Namgoong, Jeonghoon Lee
Furthermore, a vicious circle of gradually deteriorating surrounding urban environment continues because of the box-shaped boring parking buildings. The Herma parking building was started from a fundamental consideration of current parking lots in Korea.
- Maximizing the potential commercial uses of the land
- Maximization of lawful commercial area, the possibility of using front terrace
- Composition of the parking ramp and the traffic line
- Increasing the architectural value through front-skin design
In order to overcome a realistic limitation of a typical parking building, a new design that can increase the value of commercial facilities, including maximizing the commercial area of the 1st floor and changing the front landscaping area into the terrace, was needed. Through investing in a design that gives emphasis on commercial facilities rather than parking space, the value of the building and the land itself can rise. In other words, through an art gallery-like parking building the owner could get the attractiveand high rental condition of the commercial building.
Owing to the limit of business program called ‘parking lot’ the construction cost also had lots of business limitations compared with other general buildings. For the economical construction the main structure was decided with the reinforced concrete having been economical from the construction viewpoint at that time, while for reducing the earthwork the basement was minimized and constructed with the method of open-cut. Like this the concrete volume is composed of the most economical form to fill the land. It is the volume to enable the maximum parking number of cars in the floor area ratio by enabling the maximum commercial area within the construction cost with a proper level. The mass filled like this was established based on the exhaustive economy.
The front part facing the river is a triangular unit, which is composed with 10 different angles from 60 degrees up to 150 degrees and reflects the scenes of light and city with the total units of more than 80. Contrarily the back surface of commercial area was finished with a flat surface. While the elevation plane toward the river was intended to express the speed of city by wrinkled image, the flat surface located in the western side directly projects the image toward Bojeong-dong café alley.
The polycarbonate used in this project has 5 layers.The external part was coated with violet color, and the internal part with white color. Additionally the external part was made with IR Coating and Coating surface treatment, which exerted such a feeling as the reflective surface of glass or metal depending on the angle of light. In the morning with the sun rising, it receives direct ray whose color of outer cover minutely appears to be white, and at noon indirect one whose color purely violet. In the afternoon with the sun setting, it reflects the evening glow and turns to be golden, while in the evening it reflects the internal lighting and external neon sign and directs unusual scenes.
The skin color sensitively changes with the external light condition. The south-eastern pattern of opening part composed of polished stainless steel.
Another characteristic of land is the point that the four surfaces are independently opened without facing different buildings. According to such characteristics of land, the composition of elevation plane was designed to direct various images at each vanishing point. The opening part composed of stainless pattern consists of respectively different form and pattern at each vanishing point, whose design of automobile grill was applied inspired from the characteristics of this building’s being a facility for cars.
As such an opening part is differently open on each floor and elevation plane the natural ventilation is available, and it properly projects inside, due to being cut off from the external part it was designed so as not to recognize from outside the fact that this building is a parking lot.
Various grill patterns from different cars. It was applied to the pattern design of opening part of external cover.
The elevation surface composed of triangular panel facing toward the river. It reflects the urban light and speed through triangle wrinkles. The planar figure for ordering 635 polycarbonate panels and more than 930 different Stainless piece patterns.
The characteristics of exterior design exist in the panel with respectively different sizes individually combined above all. As known from the pattern of elevation plane with various expressions the polycarbonate panels used for 635 units of outer covers are all different in their sizes. Each panel differs in size with the spacing of a few centimeters, which was cut and carried in the factory one by one. The maximum length of panel is 12 meters long,due to the maximum specification of container box when imported. Each opening part is less than 12 meters wide, which divides the polycarbonate panel and creates respectively different elevation plane factors. It is combined with respectively different sizes of panel and stainless steel patterns.
Process of fabrication of STS frame and pattern
Exterior and interior views of stainless frame and pattern detail
Economical construction of 935 Stainless pattern units
The frames manufactured with zinc-galvanized pipes, not only play a role
of making an exterior cladding form, but also is connected with the
point of parametric change of stainless opening part pattern. In other
words, the principle for stainless diamond-shaped pattern to be deformed
is set at the standard of location of vertical angle pipe playing a
role of structural node.
The stainless louvers were manufactured in the maximum size in the factory and welded on the zinc-galvanized pipes.At the same time as this 935 types of respectively different diamond-like pattern were cut with CNC with the loss rate minimized and welded into the units again at the site.That is, the elevation pattern changed suited to the spacing change of structural frame, through this process of rationalization the unity of design, manufacture of pattern, and reduction of construction period could be made.
Disguise; Unbearable variety of properties
When the filled volume was based on the weight of properties, the outer
cover was designed under the subject of being light. Considering the
construction cost the types of material were limited to 2~3 ones,
especially the external clad structural frame was manufactured with
easily available zinc-galvanized angle pipes, the polycarbonate, the
main external clad material could be imported at a low price through
negotiations with material businesses.
The pattern of opening part different at each vanishing point is variously open on each floor for the natural ventilation. That is, if the polycarbonate skin mutually projects the external and internal images, the opening part composed of stainless pattern externally and directly creates the image of building.The characteristics of parking lot program not needing any insulation material enabled the elevation pattern to be more freely composed.
The polycarbonate panel composed of 5 plies of film reveals itself with the reflection due to the light source of external light.Contrary to this, at night it refracts the light sources outside by the internal lightings. According to the angle of vanishing point the outer cover changeably differs in its images reflecting the surrounding neon signs and night lightings, vehicular headlights.That is, during the daytime it receives light on the outer cover and wraps the internal space, but at night it refracts and projects the internal part outside.In other words, there is no fixed image here, its true nature infinitely changes.
from archdaily