도시와 주거 그리고 그것을 재정의하는 건축공간에 대한 새로운 이야기...
지금 우리 도심의 주거환경은 어떻습니까? 2베이, 3베이, 방3개, 방4개가
주거의 퀄리티를 높이는 기준입니까? 아니면 조망권이 확보된 스카이라인을 자랑하는
타워입니까? 여기 프랑스에 새롭게 구축되는 공동주거의 시작은 대지와 호흡하는
더 나아가 도시와 호흡하는 공간에서 시작합니다. 대지로 부터 수직으로 적층되는 각기 다른 유닛타입은
대지의 지형면과 형태적 위계를 맞추면서 각기 다른 발코니-다양한 의미로 사용됩니다.
유닛의 고유한 아웃도어 스페이스를 구축 또는 퍼블릭 스페이스와 프라빗 스페이스를
버퍼하는 버퍼스페이스로 내부로 유입되는 외부환경을 필터링하는 필터존으로
다양하게 활용됩니다.-의 형태로 적층됩니다.
이렇게 적층된 아웃도어 스페이스의 아웃라인은 공동주거의 고유한 캐릭터를 형성하며
2면 주거에서는 누릴 수 없는 파노라믹 뷰 포인트와 공간적 개방감을 극대화 합니다. 이와같은
호흡은 국한된 대지를 벗어나 주변 주거단지와 더 나아가 도시와 호흡하기를
준비합니다. 천편일률적인 우리 성냥갑과는 많은 차이가 보입니다.
물론 다양한 조건들이 맞을 경우에 이와같은 프로젝트가 성립될 수 있겠죠.
그리고 제가 궁금한 것은 우리나라의 주거의 발코니 산정면적처럼 프랑스에서는
이와같은 발코니면적을 어떻게 산입하는지 궁금합니다. 정말 우리와 같이 일정부분을 산입해야
한다면 누군가의 눈에는 공간과 공간을 버퍼해주는 필터스페이스가 아닌
데드스페이스로 보여질 수도 있기 때문입니다. 이러한 것이 극복된다면
우리나라에서도 보다 적극적인 공간구성을 볼 수 있지 않을까요?
reviewed by SJ
A couple of stone’s throws away from the Gare de Lyon in Paris, whose
business district was designed in the 1960s and 1970s by the architect
Louis Arretche, lies the Villiot-Rappée block, which is directly
connected to the Seine and predominantly residential.
Location: Paris, France
Type: Residential - Housing
Architects: HAMONIC + MASSON – www.hamonic-masson.com
Client: Paris Habitat
Program: 62 council flats (including 10 ULS and 3 Down’s Syndrome)
Competition winners: 2007
Completion: July 2011
Gross floor area: 5,120 m2
Typology:
Lot 6A – 24 flats (3 1-room+ 8 2-room+ 13 3-room)
Lot 6B – 38 flats (6 1-room + 1 2-room + 10 3-room + 17 4-room + 2 5-room + 2 6-room)
Hanging Floors
A couple of stone’s throws away from the Gare de Lyon in Paris, whose business district was designed in the 1960s and 1970s by the architect Louis Arretche, lies the Villiot-Rappée block, which is directly connected to the Seine and predominantly residential. Over the last 10 years it has been the subject of a programme of demolition and reconstruction orchestrated by Paris-Habitat OPH. Hamonic + Masson’s project is tucked away in the middle of this block and invisible from rue Villiot apart from through an entrance pierced through the built-up façade of seven-storey blocks of flats. It is hidden from rue Van Gogh by gigantic screens of offices and can only be glimpsed from Quai de la Rapée through the occasional break in the row of recent housing developments.
The buildings on the fringes of the plot rise densely into the sky. The plot is an enclave, with all the advantages that such a position affords: supposed protection from the hubbub of the city, very few cars, the homely character of a site in a clearing, as well as the ground-level space around the plot which opens it up to the sky and floods it with light.
A breath of fresh air
The project embraces new
concepts of living together primarily based on generous outdoor spaces,
both private (balconies) and communal (floor area), as well as on an
extrapolation of the advantages of detached houses, which have now
disappeared forever from Paris – having one’s own floor space and thus
being rooted in the soil.
The starting point of the project, the ground, accompanies and moulds itself to the natural level, twists and transforms itself, hosts different disciplines, guides and accompanies residents, visitors and passers-by – and makes it into a home.
Each level and each flat has a different floor lending itself to different practices and uses. Rather than being like a balcony, a loggia (or a terrace), which can be seen and used on a daily basis, winds its way around the outside of the flats and gives residents the feeling that they live outdoors. This “poured garden” creates close ties to the building’s external environment.
Two hybrids
The project involves two blocks of
flats, one of 11 storeys above the ground floor and the other of 8
storeys above ground floor. They stand out not only because of their
height but also because of their movement, one being a hybrid of the
other and their proximity creating the impression of shifting
morphology. They are connected by their moving relationship to the
ground.
Eyes Wide Shut
The two blocks of flats have 360°
views, like watchtowers, even though the crowded horizon prevents them
from being open to the four winds. The realistic approach to these
surroundings gives a different feel to everything. The internal space at
each level of the two towers, measuring 16 m by 17 m, is well designed
and structured as an open space around a central core housing the stairs
and lifts, but instead of the expected openings and the hoped-for
transparency, there is a game of mirrors.
These high-rise flats do
not have a sweeping view of the horizon but rather eyes that are
half-open and directed towards the centre of the island.
Climate planning and sound-proofing have also left their mark… and permitted a system of “truly outdoor spaces” that are therefore independent of the internal floor-plan, creating a stack of more or less closed terraces and more or less open loggias wrapped around the four sides of each tower like a “serpentine”. One can stroll around a flat, walk out of the bedroom and into the living room; there are many paths to choose from and many surprises in store. But the main thing is that no one can see their downstairs neighbour, and the flats opposite are occluded by screen walls and balustrades.
Inside, the flats are arranged around a central structural core that houses the flows, stairs and lifts. Each landing serves three to four flats. Only these cores and the façades are weight-bearing, which means that the decks can be opened up and the floor-plan reversed. Flats today – but tomorrow?
The silver-coloured gangway ceilings underscore the difference between inside and outside. The loggias in the covered ribbons are clad in aluminium and the balcony areas in stainless steel. Then, a system of aluminium screen walls, coloured glass, stainless steel lists and mirror sheets, stacked up on top of each other, storey on storey, contribute to deconstructing the façades and to mix up inside and outside, giving our two towers a Parisian caravanserai look.
High principles: 1+1+1+1…=11
The Villiot-Rapée
development is the materialisation of plans to build 62 council flats
in the heart of Paris by stacking flats inside high towers. This
building “only” rises to 11 storeys of flats due to current Paris
planning regulations. That is higher than Haussmann’s rules allowed, but
it is easy to imagine the tower being much higher in this particular
location since it appeases our fear of the void, satisfies a feeling of
open skies and takes a shape that is strangely homely and familiar. The
development’s expressiveness, construction principles and typology all
conform to a concept of high-rise building that is typical of the
Hamonic + Masson agency. The agency has a characteristic approach based
on the triangulation of the relationship with the exterior, rational
construction and a horizontal style.
from architecturelab