두개의 돔으로 부터 시작된 파빌리온의 디자인은 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 연속된 비정형태로 디자인되며 다시 이를 구현하기 위한 243 조각의 패널부재로 패브릭케이션 된다. 무엇보다 파빌리온의 가시화는 오리지널 형태를 유지하면서 최소한의 이형부재를 이용한; 모듈화된 부재의 반복적인 패턴 결합 현실적인 대안공간으로 창출하는데 의의가 있다. 그리하여 완성된 파빌리온은 125sqm 면적의 오픈스페이스를 로봇의 CNC커팅으로 재단된 플라이우드를 이용하여 대형 셀구조로 가시화 된다. (50mm 플라이우드는 243개의 부재, 7600개의 개별적인 핑거포인트로 결합, 단열 및 방수성능을 만족시키는 클래딩 시스템으로 완성된다.)
reviewed by SJ,오사
serving as an architectural prototype as well as a gallery
space, the ‘landesgartenschau exhibition hall’ is a lightweight timber
structure realized using robotic fabrication technologies. utilizing various computational design tools, the project was initially developed at the university of stuttgart by a collaborative team including the institute for computational design (ICD, prof. achim menges), the institute of building structures and structural design (ITKE, prof. jan knippers), and the institute of engineering geodesy (IIGS,
prof. volker schwieger). located in the town of schwäbisch gmünd, the
shell-like construction is composed of interlocking beech plywood
plates, and shelters a 125 sqm hall. the overall building form pinches
in the center distinguish two dome geometries, which reflect the
distinction between the entrance and main display area within.
Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall from ICD on Vimeo.
the hall is organized by two separate spatial zones, the
entrance and main gallery area, which are reflected in the overall
building geometry as two distinct domes. between, the
connecting interstitial space is defined the structure pinches to create
a saddle-like form, where the shell consists of concave polygonal
plates. the ends of the curving structure are chopped along a straight
line, and infilled with glass curtain walls. visitors enter through the
smaller of these façades, while the larger provides a view of the grove
of trees adjacent to the site.
the project sought to be highly resourceful with material usage.
aided by computational design tools and robotic fabrication, the thin
and load bearing structure only required 12 sqm of beech plywood.
additionally, almost all scrap produced during the cutting of
interlocking plates was re-used in the wood flooring. after digitally
prefabricating all elements of the structure and building layers (such
as insulation, waterproofing, and cladding), on-site assembly was
completed in only four weeks.
the design is informed by biological processes, particularly the
lightweight wood structure references the skeletons of sea urchins,
which, ‘utilize a modular system of calcium carbonate plates that
are joined by microscopic interlocking projections along the plate edges
that are very similar to man-made finger joints.’
the structure’s design is aided heavily by advanced computational design tools.
digital programs allow for specific material characteristics and
fabrication parameters to be applied in virtual space, thus serving to
perform simulations for optimization an optimized configuration.
‘rather than drawing each plate manually, the plate’s design space is
incorporated into a simulation and optimization process for automated
form-finding, which includes parameters and constraints of robotic
fabrication.’
as a result of highly detailed and parametrically designed
computer model, the project utilized robotic tools to prefabricate the
building elements. these pieces include 243 geometrically
unique beech plywood plates, as well as the insulation, waterproofing,
and cladding. the structure is comprised of, ’7600 individual finger
joints, which, through their interlocking connection, are the main
reason for the building’s structural stability.’ the project team continues: ‘still
visible in the building’s interior, the finger joint connections
resemble the sand dollar’s microscopic connections and are only
efficiently producible with a seven axis robotic fabrication setup. the
industrial robot’s kinematic flexibility is an essential requirement for
the production of such complex and individual geometries. consequently,
the fact that, similar to the sand dollar’s plate skeleton, all plywood
plates are geometrically unique, poses no additional difficulties.
pre-fabrication of the plate shell elements required only 3 weeks.’
robotic prefabrication of the entire building composition resulted in a
much higher precision during assembly. to assure this, the project
utilized advanced surveying techniques, including, ‘a laser tracker capable of scanning in a sub millimetre range.’ the project team elaborates that, ‘the
finished building will repeatedly be scanned three-dimensionally to
analyse the structure’s long-term behaviour. at this point, it was
already possible to conclude that the plywood plate’s in-plane mean
square deviation, which is a measure for fabrication accuracy, is only
0.86mm. in comparison to tolerances in conventional timber construction,
this is an exceptionally low value – especially considering that the
plate structure is building shell and finished interior surface at the
same time. ultimately, this accuracy is a necessary requirement for
performative connection geometries in timber construction.’
the landesgartenschau exhibition hall is the first building of its kind, composed of robotically fabricated beech plywood plates. this lightweight timber layer simultaneously serves as the structure and envelope, the structural loads that occur around the plate’s edges are transferred efficiently by the robotically fabricated finger joints. ‘this new kind of timber construction allows the building to be made of only 50mm thick plywood plates. using locally available beech is not only in accordance with future foresting strategies in central europe, but is also especially suitable for lightweight timber constructions because of the material’s excellent mechanical characteristics.’
from dezeen