*184 사회주택 타워: 도시를 바꾸는 지속 가능한 삶의 시작! [ MCBAD architecture&urban design ] 184 Social Housing Tower

"지속 가능한 건축은 환경을 보호하는 동시에 사람들의 삶을 풍요롭게 해야 한다." – 노먼 포스터 (Norman Foster)

MCBAD architecture&urban design-184 Social Housing Tower

First price in the Spanish competition of social housing, the project has stood the test of time, being a witness and symbol of a historical period of profound repercussions for Spain. It began in 2009, in the midst of the economic crisis, for more than a decade the fossilized structure of building stood out in the urban landscape, becoming an allegory of the years of crisis in the Valencian collective imagination. The 2021 2024 marks a turning point, reflecting the country's economic recovery and the new social housing policy. Having reached the "top", it begins its life in 2024 with an even more sustainable, more connected and more resilient building. On 10/29/2024, in Valencia, the DANA floods the Horta Sud neighborhoods and causes the evacuation of many families. In this housing emergency, the building becomes the first refuge for victims of the disaster, affirming its human and social vocation beyond its architectural role.
184 사회주택 타워: 도시를 바꾸는 지속 가능한 삶의 시작!
경제 위기의 흔적을 넘어 지속 가능한 주거로
스페인 사회주택 공모전에서 1위를 차지한 이 프로젝트는 시대를 초월하는 상징적인 건축물로 자리 잡았습니다. 2009년 경제 위기의 한가운데에서 시작된 이 건축물은 10년 넘게 미완성된 채 도시의 스카이라인을 장식하며, 발렌시아 시민들의 집단적 기억 속에서 경제 불황의 알레고리로 남았습니다. 하지만 2021년부터 2024년에 이르는 기간은 스페인의 경제 회복과 새로운 사회주택 정책의 전환점을 보여줍니다. 이제 2024년, 이 건물은 더욱 지속 가능하고, 더욱 연결되며, 더욱 회복력 있는 주거 공간으로서 새로운 삶을 시작합니다.

2024년 10월 29일, 발렌시아에서는 폭우(DANA)로 인해 Horta Sud 지역이 침수되었고, 많은 가족이 대피해야 하는 주거 위기가 초래되었습니다. 이러한 긴급한 순간에 이 건축물은 단순한 주거 공간을 넘어 재난 피해자들을 위한 첫 번째 피난처로 기능하며, 사회적 책임과 인간 중심적 가치를 다시 한번 입증했습니다.

입지와 도시 맥락
이 프로젝트는 발렌시아 남쪽, La Torre 지구의 Horta Sud에 위치하고 있습니다. 북쪽으로는 새로운 인공 수로와 발렌시아 시의 스카이라인이, 남쪽으로는 전통적인 농경지(Huerta)가 자리하며, 이 두 풍경 사이에서 독특한 위치적 맥락을 형성합니다. 원래 "소시오폴리스(Sociopolis)"로 알려진 이 지역은 10개의 고층 주거 건물과 대규모 도시 공원이 조화를 이루며 남부 주거 지역을 활성화하는 중요한 역할을 하고 있습니다.

프로젝트 부지는 기존 주거 지역과 인접해 있으며, "연대의 보행교(Pasarela de la Solidaridad)"를 통해 도시와 연결됩니다. 건축물은 기존 건물들과 조화를 이루는 수평적 "기단(plinth)" 구조를 통해 도시적 맥락에 조화롭게 어우러지며, 두 개의 수직 타워가 대규모 도시 경관과 어우러지는 형태로 설계되었습니다.

거주 공간과 설계 개념
이 프로젝트의 핵심 개념은 양방향으로 개방된 주거 공간과 주변 환경과의 조화로운 관계입니다. 중심의 구조적 코어(structural core) 요소가 건물의 기술적 기능과 서비스 공간을 집약하여, 주요 생활 공간을 유연하고 개방적으로 사용할 수 있도록 설계되었습니다. 각 세대에서는 넓은 파노라마 창을 통해 바다와 산을 조망할 수 있으며, 넓은 외부 공간이 실내와 자연스럽게 연결되며 생활 영역을 확장합니다.

슬라이딩 루버 시스템은 외부 환경과 조화를 이루며 자연 채광과 환기를 극대화하는 동시에 자연 채광과 공기 순환을 최적화하여 쾌적한 실내 환경을 조성합니다. 이러한 외부 공간은 단순한 발코니가 아니라, 실내와 유기적으로 연결되어 다양한 용도로 활용되는 확장형 생활 공간으로 기능합니다.

공용 공간과 지속 가능성
건물의 출입구는 외부와 내부를 자연스럽게 연결하는 필터 공간(filter space)으로 구성되며, 공공 광장과 건물 내부를 이어주는 전이 공간 역할을 합니다. 출입구를 지나면 네 개의 주요 현관이 있으며, 이 공간은 자전거 보관소와 우편함을 포함하여 거주자의 편의를 고려한 기능적 요소를 갖추고 있습니다.

4개의 수직 동선(엘리베이터 및 계단)은 4층 공용 테라스를 통해 하나로 연결되며, 이 테라스는 주민들이 함께 이용할 수 있는 공유 공간으로 조성되었습니다. 또한, 1층에는 공동체 활동을 위한 다목적 공간과 지역 상업 시설이 배치되어 있어, 단순한 거주 공간을 넘어 커뮤니티 활성화를 지원하는 역할을 합니다.

기술적으로는 모듈형 구조를 적용하여 미래 변화에 적응할 수 있도록 설계되었습니다. 또한, 지속 가능한 에너지 시스템이 적용되어 있습니다. 자가 생산이 가능한 에어로써멀(Aerothermal) 시스템과 태양광 발전, 저탄소 외장재 사용, 그리고 건물 전체의 횡단 환기 시스템을 통해 향후 거주자들에게 쾌적하고 회복력 있는 주거 환경을 제공합니다.

결론
184 사회주택 타워는 단순한 주거 공간을 넘어, 도시의 역사와 사회적 변화를 담아내는 살아 있는 기록물입니다. 10년 넘게 경제 위기의 상징으로 남아 있던 이 건축물은 이제 지속 가능성과 회복력을 갖춘 현대적 거주 공간으로 거듭났습니다. 단순히 기능적인 역할을 수행하는 것을 넘어, 재난 시 대피소로 활용되며 그 사회적 가치를 증명했고, 공공 공간과 주거 공간이 유기적으로 연결되는 새로운 건축 모델을 제시했습니다. 이 프로젝트는 발렌시아 남부의 도시 경관 속에서 사회적 요구에 따라 유연하게 변화하며, 지속 가능한 미래 도시와 공동체 삶을 재구성하는 핵심적인 역할을 수행할 것입니다.
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Located south of the city of Valencia, in the district of La Torre, Horta Sud. The place is markedly delimited to the north by the artificial landscape of the new channel and Valencia city. And to the south through the Huerta. The neighborhood, originally known as "Sociopolis," revitalizes the southern residential areas with a set of ten tower buildings and a large urban park, turning the place into an exceptional environment. The plot borders the existing neighborhood and is connected to the city by the "Pasarela de la Solidaridad". The building is integrated into its immediate surroundings through a horizontal "plinth" volume of a domestic scale that dialogues with the existing buildings. And with the great landscape on a metropolitan scale, with the two vertical emergencies.

The relationship of the dual oriented homes with their surroundings is the starting point of the project. A central backbone element concentrates the server spaces and the technical structure of the building, freeing the most flexible and evolutionary main spaces. The panoramic dwellings are open to the landscape, sea and mountains. The generous outdoor spaces extend the home towards the outside. Protected by a system of sliding slats that promote climatic comfort, they are designed as just another room.

The building is accessed through a covered exterior transition space, connecting the public plaza with the four hallways. The areas for bikes and mailboxes are associated with these spaces. The four circulations are connected through the common fourth floor terrace provided with a shared space; An associative space on the ground floor and shops complete the program. The modulated structure simplifies technical issues, turning the building into an evolutionary project for future transformations. The self-production of sustainable aerothermal and photovoltaic solar energy, the use of low-carbon materials on the facades and the cross ventilation of the building, allow us to create a degree of resilient comfort for future inhabitants.

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