경기장을 덮고 있는 반투명 막은 거대한 경기장의 주요한 시설을 감싸며
내부로 유입되는 비, 바람 그리고 태양빛을 필터링 합니다. 이러한 멤브레인 메쉬는
선수들이 이용하는 동선과 각 내부를 연결하는 관리자 동선 그리고
4만명 관중들의 이동동선을 안전하게 보호하는 동시에 경기장 전체의 볼륨을 정의하는
주요한 수단으로 사용됩니다. 또한 내부로 부터 발현되는 LED 조명을 통하여 멤브레인 메쉬는
드라마틱한 분위기로 빛의 공간으로 새롭게 정의되기도 합니다.
잠실 야구장을 이렇게 리노베이션 해보면 어떨까? 리노베이션이 절실하다...
reviewed by SJ
Background
UEFA’s decision to select Poland and Ukraine as the hosts of EURO 2012 encouraged the city of Wroclaw
to organize an architectural competition for the new stadium which
would hold 40 thousand seats and be prepared to host group matches of
EURO 2012. 21 renowned architectural practices were invited to compete.
Polish practice JSK Architekci was awarded with the first prize and in
October 2007 the office was granted the commission to deliver the
project.
Architects: JSK Architekci
Location: Wrocław, Poland
Architect In Charge: JSK Architekci
Design Team: Zbigniew Pszczulny, Mariusz Rutz, Piotr Bury (project manager)
Project Year: 2011
Photographs: JSK Architekci
Project Area: 248,401 sqm
Landscape Architect: RS Architektura Krajobrazu
Structure: Schlaich Bergermann und Partner (steel structure), Matejko i Partnerzy Biuro Konstrukcyjne (RC structure)
Development site is located 7km outside of Wroclaw city centre. Its southern edge is formed by the national road nr 94, railway tracks and the tram line. Existing infrastructure surrounding the new stadium was improved by the new motorway bypass and the new tram line providing additional access to the site from west and north. Stadium development had a positive impact on the economical growth of the surrounding neighbourhood with plans of further development i.e. a new office park and the first in Poland shopping mall strictly adjacent to the stadium.
Concept design
The stadium building and its surrounding were designed to present both
interesting architectural form and fulfil requirements of economical
exploitation yet providing maximum functionality and flexibility. The
design of the site plan emphasizes the main building of the stadium
making it a dominant feature in the surrounding space. Platform
surrounding the stadium on the entrance level (6m above the ground)
descends gently (4% fall) to the ground level under the street overpass
allowing a comfortable and collision free pedestrian connection to the
railway and tram station to the south, also covering level 0 of the
stadium plot with VIP entrance, driveway and parking places. Separating
main stream of pedestrians from the remaining vehicular circulation
routes created a friendly and welcoming entrance zone to the building.
This plateau provides the pedestrians with an extensive space and a roof for the parking lot and the service road. The plateau from the north western side is woven by with the rising plateau of the car park. This rising roof level of the car park hides the one for a shopping centre tied area. Conceived as a single tiered stadium with a uniform stand bowl, makes it possible for the spectators to be aware of a sporting event in a more exciting way. Despite the great building scale it has been successful to keep an intimate atmosphere on the whole stand. So we can experience a unique atmosphere. This stadium in its scale is one of the few with a single tier.
A clear and apparent scheme of the functional design makes a fluent admission into the stadium building possible. The bowl of the semicircular stand is attainable from 2 promenades on 2 levels. Numerous turnstiles which allows us to run onto the lower promenade are placed in a complete radius of the building. The upper promenade is easily attainable with the help of open stairwells. Both promenades form a kind and comfortable space with all possible welfare facilities (catering trade, toilets, first help, police). For a luxury the promenades were wrapped by a transparent membrane. On the one hand it offers protection of bad weather conditions, on the other hand it is closing the building form visually. The number of pillars was reduced considerably so that spacious and open promenades could be created.
Building rentable area organizing system is quite unique. Conventional designs usually locate rentable areas underneath tribune structures, Wroclaw’s stadium separates them from the structure by creating a promenade and a massive void allowing visitors admiring tribunes from underneath. Along promenades toilets and retail units ready to service 40 thousand visitors were located. Open staircases leading spectators up to the top level strengthen the feeling of openness and allow for the exposed reinforced concrete structure to be admired. Standing out mesh membrane is characteristic for the new Wroclaw stadium. It consists of a polytetrafluoroethylene covered fibreglass and is pushed on 5 ring beams of steel. The 5 ring beams refer by the horizontal geometry to the well-known Wroclaw’s modern architecture.
Stadium design was based on UEFA and FIFA guidelines supplemented with the experience of EURO 2006. All the tribune seats are roofed and provide unobstructed view of the pitch. Both promenade levels are duly serviced. On its western side business club and VIP hall were located. Zone for footballers and media has been envisaged as well. Level +3 holds lodges with the conference rooms featuring rows of seats facing the stadium arena. Stadium will also be home to sport bar, offices, physiotherapy centre, fitness club, discotheque, casino etc. Diversification of available services allows the building to be used all day long.
Structure
The main bulk of the stadium building consists of three main elements:
- Tribunes construction of reinforced concrete.
- Steel construction of the roofing structure, with its oval shape
repeated in the form of three rings at varying angles surrounding the
building.
- PTFE covered fibreglass mesh membrane stretched on the above mentioned steel rings.
Roof design is formed with the light cantilevered steel structure consisting of 38 radially spread trusses sitting on a pair of columns each (one is pressured the other tensioned). The stadium roof generally appears as membrane roof with a glass ring part designed to bring maximum amount of sunlight to the pitch.
Facade
Facade belting the stadium starts at the height of 3.5m above esplanade
level. Its structure consists of 5 steel beams – rings and it is
covered with partially transparent mesh membrane. Façade’s form results
from the shape and arrangement of the steel rings formed with curved
steel pipes. The lowest and the highest rings are placed horizontally
keeping distance of 30m between them. This dimension determines the
height of the mesh membrane façade. Additional dynamic factor to the
facade was achieved by setting inwards and sloping the middle rings and
by shifting northwards the upper fourth ring. Due to the strength of
local winds affecting the elevation mesh membrane proper simulation
tests in the aero dynamical tunnel were conducted during the designing
process. Another simulation of smoke extraction was performed helping
to properly design mesh grid and its factor of open area.
Summary
Thanks to façade treatment stadium appears to be light and transparent
despite its massive size. The façade mesh protects the usable yet open
space of the promenades from weather conditions such as rain and wind.
Internal LED lighting system was introduced allowing the building to
project light through the façade’s mesh from inside. Overall impression
of the “glowing” building is similar to that of the Chinese lampion.
Thanks to the LED technology colour and pattern of the lighting can be
easily changed thus the building’s character can be visually adjusted to
the planned event (such as EURO 2012, league and national tournaments,
music shows or other mass events) and can generate particular feel to it
following the current need.
from archdaily