* 콜로라도 스프링스 호넨 아트 허브: 60년을 아우르는 적응적 재생의 건축 KVA transforms vaulted concrete Colorado sports facility into arts hub

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"건축가는 기존 것들을 존중하면서 새로운 것을 만들어야 한다. 과거를 파괴하는 것이 아니라 변형하는 것이다." - 알바로 시자

콜로라도 스프링스 호넨 아트 허브: 60년을 아우르는 적응적 재생의 건축  KVA transforms vaulted concrete Colorado sports facility into arts hub

미국 콜로라도주 콜로라도 스프링스에 위치한 콜로라도 컬리지 호넨 아트 허브는 보스턴 소재 케네디 & 비올리치 아키텍처가 설계한 적응적 재사용 프로젝트다. 이 건물은 1961년 러스크 앤 월리스가 설계한 아이스 스케이팅 파빌리온을 예술교육시설로 변모시킨 2024년 완공작으로, 약 2,800㎡ 규모의 아트 스튜디오, 워크샵, 갤러리 공간을 담고 있다.

원형 건물의 역사와 변천
1961년 건립된 원형 구조물은 7개의 55m 스팬 얇은 셸 통형 볼트로 구성된 야외 스케이팅 파빌리온이었다. 전체가 현장타설 콘크리트로 만들어진 이 구조물은 1980년대 하키 경기장으로 활용하기 위해 외벽이 설치되면서 폐쇄된 공간으로 변모했다. 이후 수십 년간 방치되어 동굴처럼 어둡고 침침한 상태였던 이 공간이 다시 빛을 보게 된 것은 2024년의 일이다.

설계팀의 철학과 접근법
케네디 & 비올리치 아키텍처의 대표 후안 프라노 비올리치는 첫 현장 방문 당시를 회상하며 "건물은 동굴같이 어둡고 침침했지만, 통형 볼트 지붕만큼은 그 모든 것을 초월하여 우뚝 솟아 있었다"고 설명했다. 그는 이 볼트 구조가 스페인 코르도바의 대사원이나 루이스 칸의 킴벨 미술관과 묘하게 연결되어 대화하는 듯한 친숙함을 느꼈다고 덧붙였다.
설계사무소는 이 프로젝트에서 "가벼운 개입과 관대한 배려"라는 철학을 적용했다. 이는 다양한 프로그램 요구사항 - 볼륨, 공기 흐름, 사용자 특성 - 에 대응하면서도 기존 구조의 고유한 가치를 존중하는 접근법이었다.

외부 공간의 변화
설계팀은 1980년대 추가된 외벽을 해체하고, 볼트 하부를 얇은 프로파일의 유리로 개방했다. 새롭게 후퇴된 진입부는 콜로라도 고원사막 풍경의 적사암에서 영감을 받은 따스한 테라코타 색상으로 칠해졌다. 이 색상은 건물 전체에 걸쳐 오렌지 톤의 디테일로 이어지며, 심지어 기계 작업장의 커튼에서도 발견된다.

내부 공간의 재구성
케네디 & 비올리치 아키텍처는 볼트 구조의 9m 측면 스팬을 기준으로 외부를 여러 베이로 구분했다. 직사각형 평면의 북쪽 끝에는 추가 환기, 급기 시스템, 전력 공급, 음향 조절 시설을 갖춘 이면 워크샵들이 배치되었다. 남쪽 끝에는 대학 미술과의 스튜디오, 교실, 전시공간 등 보다 공공성을 띤 시설들이 자리한다.
아트 스튜디오와 교실 외부 공간에서는 볼트 구조가 오렌지색 벽면으로 강조되며, 이는 중앙의 넓은 개방공간 천장의 추가 페인팅과도 연결된다. 아트 스튜디오 내부에서는 벽면을 상대적으로 장식 없이 두어 노출된 기계 시설과 함께 작업 환경에 집중할 수 있도록 했다. 볼트를 덮는 유리면은 추가적인 외부 채광을 들여와 콜로라도 로키산맥의 전망과 함께 내부를 밝힌다.

지속가능성과 환경 성능
볼트 구조는 시각적 지향점 역할뿐만 아니라 덕트 플레넘 기능을 수행하여 냉방 없는 환기 시스템에 기여하고 있다. 설계사무소는 이 볼트들이 "건물을 적응성 있고, 포용적이며, 회복력 있게 만드는 핵심 요소"라고 설명한다.
콜로라도 컬리지가 2020년 탄소 중립을 달성한 후, 설계팀은 고원사막 기후에서 냉방 필요성을 제거하는 자연순환 공조 시스템을 도입했다. 이는 전체 설계의 효율성에 크게 기여하고 있다.

다기능 복합공간의 활력
설계팀은 이 프로젝트가 "학습, 작업, 공공 모임, 심지어 산업 활동까지 모든 것이 하나의 기둥 없는 볼트 지붕 아래 공존하는 도시의 축소판"이라고 표현한다. 일견 상충하는 요구사항을 가진 프로그램들의 병치가 오히려 독특한 긴장감을 만들어내며 공간과 활동에 생동감을 불어넣고 있다는 것이다.
학습공간과 작업장, 공공 모임 장소와 산업 시설이 한 지붕 아래 어우러지는 이러한 구성은 전통적인 기능별 구분을 넘어선 새로운 교육환경의 가능성을 제시한다. 60여 년의 시간을 거쳐 스케이팅 파빌리온에서 예술교육 허브로 거듭난 이 건물은 기존 구조물의 가치를 존중하면서도 현대적 요구에 부응하는 적응적 재사용의 모범 사례로 평가받고 있다.

Write by Claude & Jean Browwn


American studio Kennedy & Violich Architecture has adapted a vaulted 1960s ice skating pavilion into an education building with workshops in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.

The Colorado College Honnen Arts Hub was completed in 2024, the latest iteration of the 1961 Lusk and Wallace skating pavilion, which featured seven, 180-foot (55-metre) thin-shell barrel vaults.

The open air pavilion, made entirely of cast concrete, was enclosed in the 1980s to create a hockey arena. Now, the 30,000-square-foot (2,787-square-metre) structure holds a series of art studios, workshop spaces and galleries.

"When we first visited Honnen, it was cavernous, dingy and dim," Juan Frano Violich, principal of Boston-based Kennedy & Violich Architecture (KVA), told Dezeen.

"The barrel vault roof somehow rose above it all. It was so familiar and seemed strangely connected – in conversation – with other vaulted structures, the great Mosque of Cordoba and Louis Kahn's Kimball Art Museum."

On the exterior, the studio broke down the enclosing walls added in the '80s, opening the undersides of the vault with thin-profile glazing and painting the new recessed entry a warm terracotta colour derived from the red sandstone of the alpine desert landscape.

Inside, KVA closed off the exterior into bays, determined by the 30-foot (9-metre) lateral span of the vaults.

On the north end of the rectangular plan, the back-of-house workshops have additional ventilation, make-up air systems, power and acoustic mediation; while on the southern end, the spaces are more public facing with studios, classrooms and an exhibition space for the college's fine arts department.

Outside of the art studios and classrooms, the vaults are emphasised by orange painted walls that align with additional painting on the ceiling of the wide-open central space in the centre of the plan. Orange detaling continues outside and can be seen in subtle details such as curtains in the machine shops.

Inside the art studios, the walls were left relatively unadorned with exposed mechanical systems. The glass covered exteriors of the vaults bring in additional outdoor light.

In addition to directing views out to the Colorado Rockies, the vaults act as ducted plenums, contributing to an air conditioning-free ventilation system, contributing to the overall efficiency of the design.

"[The vaults] are a large part of why the building is so adaptable, welcoming, and resilient," the studio said.

Following the college's achievement of becoming carbon neutral in 2020, the studio employed a displaced air system, eliminating the need for refrigerated cooling in the high desert climate.

The team said the project required them to "tread lightly and be generous," due to the diverse needs of the various programmatic elements, including volume, air-flow and occupants.

"In many ways [the building] represents a cross section of a city, where there are places of learning, work, public gathering, and even industry, all under one column-free vaulted roof," the studio said.

"This juxtaposition of programs with apparent conflicting needs, in this instance, works together to create a unique tension bringing energy to the space and its activities."

from dezeen

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