* 도시의 켜를 다시 쌓다: 탄소를 낮춘 복합의 탑 [ MVRDV ] Tour & Taxis Towers, Brussels

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"먼저 삶이, 그 다음 공간이, 마지막으로 건물이다. 그 반대 순서는 결코 작동하지 않는다."— 얀 겔 (Jan Gehl)

도시의 켜를 다시 쌓다: 탄소를 낮춘 복합의 탑 MVRDV — Tour & Taxis Towers, Brussels

마스터플랜의 씨앗
브뤼셀 북서쪽, 오래된 산업 물류 지구였던 투어 앤 택시스(Tour & Taxis)에 새로운 켜가 쌓이고 있다. 로테르담을 거점으로 활동하는 건축 사무소 MVRDV가 이 지구의 도시 마스터플랜을 수립한 것은 2019년의 일이다. 단순한 건축물 설계가 아니었다. 주거와 업무, 상업과 공공 프로그램을 어떻게 밀도 있게 배치하면서도 주변 도시 조직과 자연스럽게 대화할 수 있는지를 묻는 도시적 질문에서 출발한 작업이었다. MVRDV는 2017년부터 수립된 지구단위계획의 틀 안에서 용도 배분과 건축적 밀도, 사회적·환경적 가치를 하나의 개념으로 통합하며 마스터플랜을 완성했다. 그리고 2021년, 부동산 개발사 Nextensa의 의뢰를 받아 그 마스터플랜의 첫 번째 실현 프로젝트로 투어 앤 택시스 타워스의 설계를 시작했다. 2025년까지 이해관계자 협의와 환경 허가 심사를 거친 끝에, 프로젝트는 마침내 착공 허가를 손에 쥐었다.

두 개의 탑, 하나의 기단
이 프로젝트는 두 개의 타워와 이를 지상부에서 연결하는 5층 규모의 기단 구조물로 이루어져 있다. 총 연면적 5만 8천 제곱미터, 최고 높이 126미터에 달하는 규모다. 서쪽 타워는 20개 층으로 구성된 업무 공간이며, 동쪽 타워는 35층 높이로 스튜디오부터 방 세 개짜리 유닛까지 총 199세대의 주거를 담는다. 용도 다이어그램에서 확인할 수 있듯, 업무·주거·공공시설이라는 세 가지 프로그램은 두 타워와 기단부에 각각 명확하게 배분되어 있다. 기단부 상단에는 테라스가 펼쳐지고, 내부에는 업무 공간과 함께 다양한 공공 프로그램이 자리 잡는다. 단일 용도의 탑이 아니라, 복수의 삶이 층층이 공존하는 도시적 단면이다.

도시와 대화하는 형태
두 타워는 단순하게 치솟는 수직적 형태를 취하지 않는다. 빛과 바람 분석에서 도출된 비정형 후퇴가 매스에 리듬을 부여한다. 각각의 후퇴 지점은 집합적 테라스나 개인 옥외 공간으로 전환되고, 코너 창이 열리며 도시 전경으로의 시선을 넓힌다. 구조 다이어그램에서 확인되듯, 두 타워는 2.7미터 단위의 공통 파사드 그리드를 공유한다. 이 격자는 단순한 입면 규칙을 넘어 시간이 흐름에 따라 내부 공간의 변환을 가능하게 하는 유연성의 기반이기도 하다. 주변 맥락도 형태의 논리에 반영되어 있다. 서쪽으로는 레이크사이드(Lake Side) 중정형 주거 단지, 동쪽으로는 플랑드르 정부 청사를 비롯한 업무 복합 단지가 자리하는데, 두 타워는 이 사이에서 주거와 업무의 밀도를 조율하는 매개적 존재로 서 있다.

탄소를 설계하다
이 프로젝트에서 MVRDV가 가장 공들인 지점 중 하나는 탄소 배출량을 줄이는 구조적 접근이다. 고층 건축물은 구조와 기초에 막대한 콘크리트를 소비하며, 이것이 건자재 생산 단계에서 발생하는 내재 탄소량(embodied carbon)의 주된 원인이 된다. MVRDV는 설계 초기 단계부터 자체 개발 소프트웨어 CarbonSpace를 활용해 탄소 배출량을 정량적으로 추적하고 그 결과를 설계 결정에 직접 반영했다. 서쪽 업무 타워에는 하이브리드 구조 시스템이 적용된다. 콘크리트 프레임이 골조를 이루고, 바닥 슬래브에는 직교집성목재(CLT, Cross-Laminated Timber)가 사용된다. 이로써 건물의 전체 하중이 줄어들고 기초에 필요한 콘크리트 양도 크게 감소한다. 내부 공간에서 드러나는 따뜻한 목재 천장과 노출된 CLT 구조는 단순한 미학적 선택이 아니라, 저탄소 설계 원칙이 공간의 질감으로 구현된 결과다. 이 프로젝트는 EU 지속가능금융 분류체계(EU taxonomy) 기준을 충족하는 건축물로 완성하는 것이 명시적인 목표다.

사람이 머무는 저층부
아무리 탁월한 타워라 해도, 도시와 진정으로 연결되는 것은 지상부에서 결정된다. 투어 앤 택시스 타워스의 기단부는 하루 종일 사람들이 오가고 머무는 공간으로 계획되었다. 레이크사이드 지구와 안나 보흘란(Anna Bochlaan) 거리를 잇는 보행 통로가 건물을 관통하며 도시의 흐름을 자연스럽게 끌어들인다. 기단 상단까지 이어지는 아트리움은 위층 업무 공간을 내려다볼 수 있는 시선의 통로를 열어두어, 건물 내부에서 일어나는 활동이 도시적 투명성을 갖도록 한다. 목재 루버 천장 아래로 여러 층의 갤러리가 이어지고, 자연광이 풍부하게 스며드는 아트리움 공간에는 크고 작은 만남과 이동이 교차한다. 닫힌 로비가 아닌, 살아 있는 도시의 단면이 건물 안으로 연장된 것이다.

도시의 다음 켜
착공 허가를 획득한 투어 앤 택시스 타워스는 이제 마스터플랜 실현의 첫 번째 장을 연다. 브뤼셀의 역사적 산업 지구 위에 주거와 업무, 공공의 삶을 복합적으로 쌓아 올리며, MVRDV는 지속가능한 건축이 기술적 목표에 그치지 않고 사람들의 일상과 도시의 풍경을 바꾸는 힘을 가질 수 있음을 보여준다. 탄소를 줄이는 선택이 구조 속으로, 재료 속으로, 공간의 질감 속으로 스며들어 결국 도시의 새로운 켜로 완성될 때, 이 프로젝트는 비로소 건축적 의미를 얻는다.

Write by Claude & Jean Browwn

MVRDV Obtains Construction Permit for Low-Carbon Mixed-Use Tour & Taxis Towers in Brussels

Rotterdam-based firm MVRDV has announced a new milestone in the development of its Tour & Taxis Towers, a mixed-use project in Brussels, Belgium. The design was commissioned by real estate investor and developer Nextensa in 2021, within the framework of a site-specific land use masterplan also designed by MVRDV. The two tower project combines offices, housing, and public amenities across 58,000 m², forming a landmark in the neighbourhood and reaching 126 metres at its highest point. Recently granted construction permission, the project is designed to reduce embodied carbon through the use of a hybrid structure and lightweight façade elements, aiming to minimize the use of concrete in both the structure and foundations. From the early stages, the firm has employed its CarbonSpace software to guide these decisions.

MVRDV's Tour & Taxis Towers is part of a Specific Land Use Plan for the neighbourhood dating back to 2017. This plan is a site specific legal instrument that defines the future development of the area, including housing, offices, retail, and public spaces. It aims to enable higher building densities while maintaining a dialogue with the surrounding context, residents, and relevant institutions. MVRDV was appointed master urban planner in 2019 and developed the plan over two years, translating urban planning requirements and architectural, social, and environmental ambitions into a concrete concept and volumetric study. Between 2021 and 2025, the team developed a Visual Quality Plan, conducted stakeholder engagement sessions, and submitted building and amended permit applications, ultimately securing planning and environmental permits for the Lake Side project in April 2026.

The project, a starting point for the masterplan realization, consists of two towers connected at the base by a five-storey plinth. The western tower rises to 20 storeys and is dedicated to office use, while the 35 storey eastern tower accommodates 199 apartments ranging from studios to three-bedroom units. The plinth integrates office space and public programmes and is topped by a terrace. The structure is based on 2.7-metre façade modules, allowing for adaptability over time. In terms of form, the towers incorporate irregular setbacks informed by light and wind studies. These create opportunities for both collective and private terraces, as well as corner windows that expand access to city views.

According to the designers, particular attention has been given to integrating the towers into their surroundings. The overall form responds to the urban context, acting as a transitional element between the predominantly residential buildings of Lake Side's courtyard and nearby office complexes, including those of the Flemish Government administration. The plinth is designed to host public oriented programmes that activate the street level throughout the day. The complex is traversed by a passage connecting the Lake Side area to Anna Bochlaan, while an atrium extending to the top of the plinth offers glimpses into the office spaces above.

Recognizing that tall buildings typically generate high levels of emissions, the Tour & Taxis Towers were designed using MVRDV's proprietary CarbonSpace software, which estimates embodied carbon even in early design stages. The project aims to align with the EU taxonomy for sustainable activities, making low carbon design a central principle. This approach informed the adoption of a hybrid structural system for the office tower, where a concrete frame supports cross-laminated timber floor slabs. Such decisions reduce both the building's weight and the amount of concrete required in its structure and foundations, significantly lowering its carbon footprint compared to conventional buildings of similar scale.

MVRDV recently unveiled the design for a new health research and education facility for the University of Toronto, developed in collaboration with Diamond Schmitt Architects and Two Row Architect. Earlier this year, the firm also partnered with Snøhetta, Bjarke Ingels Group, and local practices KEYM, DB Architects, Rasa, and Bilgin Architects to design an 84-hectare, landscape led residential community in Istanbul, Türkiye. In addition, MVRDV was among the five shortlisted teams in the Shift Sustainability Landmark competition in Rotterdam, which explores diverse visions for sustainability and climate action.

from archdaily

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