* 하늘을 내려다보며 [James Turrell + Schmidt Hammer Lassen ] ARoS Aarhus Art Museum

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"빛은 물질이다. 나는 빛으로 공간을 조각한다."— James Turrell

James Turrell + SHL-As Seen Below – The Dome, a Skyspace

지상의 원형
오르후스(Aarhus) 도심 공원 한가운데, 풀빛 언덕이 완만하게 솟아오른다. 그 언덕 위에는 불에 구운 점토 빛 원형 구조물이 조용히 앉아 있다. ARoS 미술관 본관의 붉은 외벽과 색을 나누고 있으면서도, 이 원형 돔은 그 자체로 도시 안의 또 다른 지형처럼 느껴진다. 항공에서 내려다보면 더욱 선명하다. 원의 중심을 향해 잔디가 기울어지고, 그 끝에 어두운 원형 개구부가 뚫려 있다. 마치 도시가 숨을 들이마시며 만들어낸 구멍처럼.

이것이 제임스 터렐(James Turrell)과 슈미트 함머 라센(Schmidt Hammer Lassen, 이하 SHL)이 함께 완성한 스카이스페이스(Skyspace, 하늘을 직접 바라보도록 설계된 빛의 방), "As Seen Below"다. 높이 16미터, 직경 40미터. 미술관이라는 제도적 맥락 안에서 지금까지 실현된 스카이스페이스 중 가장 큰 규모다. ARoS의 약 4,000㎡에 달하는 지하 확장 프로젝트 "The Next Level"의 정점에 자리하며, 이 미술관을 예술과 건축과 경험이 교차하는 국제적 목적지로 다시 선언한다.


어둠을 통과하는 길
작품은 지상에서 시작되지 않는다. 관람객은 먼저 지하로 내려간다. 빛이 사라지는 방향으로, 만곡한 통로를 따라. 살구빛 온기를 머금은 간접 조명이 구부러진 벽을 따라 흐르고, 발걸음은 아직 보지 못한 무언가를 향해 이어진다. 빛의 부재가 쌓이고, 기대가 조용히 커지는 시간이다.

이 하강의 시퀀스는 단순한 동선이 아니다. 그것은 일종의 탈각(脫殼)이다. 도시의 소음과 일상의 리듬을 조금씩 벗겨내고, 관람객이 다음에 마주할 경험을 위해 감각을 준비시키는 과정. SHL은 이 통로를 건축적 장치이자 예술적 서문으로 설계했다. ARoS 본관이 지상에서 층층이 상승하는 수직적 여정을 제공한다면, The Next Level은 반대 방향, 즉 어둠 속으로의 수평적 이동을 새로 도입한다. 두 방향성은 하나의 미술관 안에서 서로 다른 감각의 축을 형성한다.


빛이 물질이 되는 순간
그 끝에서 공간이 열린다. 직경 40미터의 돔이 관람객을 받아들이는 순간, 공기가 달라진다. 머리 위 완벽한 반구형 천장은 회색빛 매끄러움으로 펼쳐지고, 그 꼭대기 한가운데에 원형 개구부 하나가 뚫려 있다. 그 구멍으로 하늘이 들어온다. 낮에는 흰 원 안에 구름이 흘러가고, 해가 기울면 개구부의 색이 바뀐다. 인공조명이 개입하면 돔 전체가 청색으로 물들고, 다시 자주빛으로, 짙은 녹색으로 변한다. 바닥의 동심원 패턴이 그 색을 반사하며 공간의 깊이를 더한다.

터렐은 이렇게 말한다. "나는 이미지를 전달하는 게 아니라, 보는 경험 자체를 조각한다." 건축이 하늘을 가까이 잡아당기기 때문에, 바라보는 행위 자체가 곧 작품이 된다는 것. 여기서 빛은 묘사의 수단이 아니라, 관람객이 그 안에 서 있는 물질 자체라고 그는 말한다. 실제로 돔 안에 서면 그 말이 이해된다. 개구부 속 하늘은 평면처럼 보인다. 3차원의 공간이 2차원의 화면처럼 압축되는 그 이상한 경험, 그것이 터렐이 수십 년간 탐구해온 '지각의 조각'이다.

원형 벤치는 이 경험의 일부다. 관람객을 공간 안에서 포근하게 감싸며, 그 등받이는 자연스럽게 시선을 위로 이끈다. 벤치 안에는 조명 장치와 기술 설비가 숨어 있다. 보이지 않는 것들이 보이는 경험을 만들어낸다.


10년의 대화
예술과 건축은 처음부터 나란히 자라났다. 어느 한쪽이 다른 한쪽을 담는 그릇이 아니라, 둘이 서로를 빚으며 비로소 완성된 작품이다. 이것이 "As Seen Below"가 대부분의 미술관 프로젝트와 근본적으로 다른 지점이다. 통상적인 방식이라면 건축이 먼저 완성되고, 예술 작품이 나중에 채워진다. 그러나 여기서는 10년 이상의 시간 동안 터렐과 ARoS, 그리고 SHL이 함께 돔의 비례를 논의하고, 소재를 조율하고, 빛의 움직임을 함께 실험했다.

SHL의 파트너이자 프로젝트 디렉터인 예테 비르케스코우(Jette Birkeskov)는 이렇게 말한다. "예술이 끝나고 건축이 시작되는 지점을 구별하기 어렵게 만드는 것, 그것이 우리의 목표였다." 그의 말처럼 내부에 서면 그 경계는 실제로 사라진다. 돔의 기하학이 빛의 작동 방식 자체이고, 벽의 재질이 색의 경험을 좌우하며, 원형 벤치의 기울기가 시선의 각도를 결정한다. 건축은 더 이상 작품의 배경이 아니라, 작품의 존재 조건이다.


불가능을 설계하다
이 작품은 동시에 야심 찬 기술 실험이기도 하다. 미술관 맥락에서 이 규모의 스카이스페이스는 전례가 없었고, 그에 따른 기술적 과제도 전례가 없었다. 돔 내부 표면의 완벽한 곡면 정밀도를 확보하는 것, 100㎡에 달하는 가동형 개폐 장치를 설계하는 것, 그리고 공원 외부에서 돔 상부로의 접근을 차단하는 보안 시스템을 구축하는 것. 각각의 과제는 맞춤 제작된 기술 해법을 요구했다. 개폐 장치가 닫히면 돔은 완전히 다른 빛의 조건을 만들어내고, 외부의 자연광 없이 인공조명만으로 전혀 다른 지각 경험이 펼쳐진다.


움직이는 미술관
"As Seen Below"는 혼자 존재하지 않는다. 지하 갤러리 살링 갈레리(Salling Galleri), 그리고 새롭게 조성된 공공 도시 광장 ARoS Art Square와 함께, The Next Level을 완성한다. 오르후스 시(市), ARoS, 터렐, SHL, 그리고 다양한 파트너들의 협력이 낳은 이 프로젝트는 미술관이 도시와 관계 맺는 방식을 다시 쓴다. 지상의 언덕 위에 자리 잡은 붉은 원형 구조물은 공원을 지나는 누구에게나 보인다. 그러나 그 안에서 무엇이 일어나는지는, 직접 내려가 보지 않으면 알 수 없다.

그것이 이 작품이 원하는 것이다. 어둠을 통과하고, 빛과 마주하고, 하늘을 아래에서 올려다보는 경험. 보는 행위 자체가 작품이 되는 그 순간을.


프로젝트 정보
작가: James Turrell
건축: Schmidt Hammer Lassen (SHL)
위치: ARoS Aarhus Art Museum, Aarhus, Denmark
규모: 높이 16m, 직경 40m
지하 확장 총면적: 약 4,000㎡
프로젝트명: As Seen Below – The Dome, a Skyspace (The Next Level 일환)

Write by Claude & Jean Browwn


With As Seen Below, ARoS gains a new international landmark work by one of the most influential artists of our time, James Turrell. The installation represents the culmination of the museum's approximately 4,000-square metre underground expansion and reinforces ARoS' position as an international destination where art, architecture, and experience converge.

Rising 16 meters high and spanning 40 meters in diameter, As Seen Below is the largest Skyspace ever realised within a museum setting. The work is accessed through an underground passage that leads visitors into the monumental dome chamber, where Turrell's characteristic light compositions envelop the space and frame the sky through an opening at the apex of the dome. In As Seen Below, "I'm shaping the experience of seeing rather than delivering an image," Turrell explains. "The architecture holds the sky close, so you recognize that the act of looking is the work itself. Here, light isn't description, it's the substance you stand within."

An extraordinary collaboration between museum, artist, and architect  As Seen Below is the result of a collaboration unlike most museum projects. Whereas architecture is typically developed first and artworks later integrated into the completed framework, the artwork and architecture here have evolved side by side over the course of more than a decade. The architecture is not merely a container for the work; it is a prerequisite for its existence. From the dome's proportions and its opening towards the sky to its lighting, materials, and the atmosphere leading visitors towards the experience, every element has been developed as an integral part of a unified whole.

While the original museum building is organised around a vertical journey through galleries ascending from the base to the top of the museum, The Next Level introduces a new horizontal movement. The experience begins with a passage from light into darkness beneath the ground, where the absence of daylight and the gradual descent build anticipation for the encounter with light and sky as experienced from within the dome itself. In this way, architecture becomes an essential part of the artwork, preparing visitors for a sensory experience unlike any other. From the earliest workshops and sketches to the completed realisation, James Turrell, ARoS, and Schmidt Hammer Lassen have worked closely together to create a project in which art, architecture, and landscape are inseparably connected.

"It has been a truly unique process to work with James Turrell over so many years. From the outset, it was clear that the architecture should not simply house the artwork but become part of it. We developed the artwork and the architectural details in parallel through a long and intensive collaboration, refining everything from proportions and materials to light and movement. The result is a place where it becomes difficult to distinguish where the artwork ends and the architecture begins," says Jette Birkeskov, Partner-in Charge and Project Director at Schmidt Hammer Lassen, who, together with Morten Schmidt, has played a central role in the collaboration throughout the project's development.

Designing the impossible  At the same time, As Seen Below, is the result of an ambitious innovation process involving significant technical complexity. As the largest Skyspace ever realised within a museum setting, the project required the development of a number of bespoke solutions. Particularly demanding was achieving the extraordinary precision required for the dome's interior surface, as well as designing an advanced closure mechanism featuring a 100-square-metre movable building component that allows the opening to be closed, creating entirely different experiences of light and perception. Security requirements also demanded innovative solutions to prevent access from the exterior of the dome within the park.

The result is a work in which artistic vision, architecture, and engineering merge into a single, seamless, and immersive experience. Even the simple circular bench has been developed as an integral part of the artwork. It conceals technical installations and the numerous lighting fixtures used to illuminate the interior of the dome while embracing visitors within the space. Its gently inclined backrest naturally directs the gaze towards the opening above.

An institution in motion –Together with the underground Salling Galleri and the new public urban space ARoS Art Square, As Seen Below completes The Next Level, a project realised through close collaboration between the City of Aarhus, ARoS, James Turrell, Schmidt Hammer Lassen, and a wide range of partners. 

from archdaily

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